Over 500 compounds have been identified in Cannabis Sativa (the most marketed strain of Cannabis species). Little is known about the individual properties of each component. Some may be beneficial but others may cause harm. Who knows?
Singapore launched a project to develop medicinal cannabinoids in an effort to identify the beneficial chemical components of cannabis in order to provide safer, more accurately targeted therapy.
Constituents of Marijuana
Cannabinoids
CBG (Cannabigerol) type — 17 analogs known, incuding
Cannabigerolic acid A [(E)-CBGA-C5 A]
Cannabigerolic acid A monomethyl ether [(E)-CBGAM-C5 A]
Cannabigerol [(E)-CBG-C5]
Cannabigerol monomethyl ether [(E)-CBGM-C5]
Cannabigerovarinic acid A [(E)-CBGVA-C3 A]
Cannabigerovarin [(E)-CBGV-C3]
Cannabinerolic acid A [(Z)-CBGA-C5 A]
CBC (Cannabichromene) type — 5 analogs known
(±)-Cannabichromenic acid [CBCA-C5 A]
(±)-Cannabichromene [CBC-C5]
(±)-Cannabichromevarinic acid [CBCVA-C3 A]
(±)-Cannabivarichromene [CBCV-C3/CBCV-i C3]
(+)-Cannabichromevarin [CBCV-C3]
2-Methyl-2-(4-methyl-2-pentenyl)-7-propyl-2H-1-benzopyran-5-ol
CBD (Cannabidiol) type – 9 analogs known
Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA-C5)
(-)-Cannabidiol (CBD-C5)
Cannabidiol monomethyl ether (CBDM-C5)
Cannabidiol-C4 (CBD-C4)
Cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA-C3)
(-)-Cannabidivarin (CBDV-C3)
Cannabidiorcol (CBD-C1)
Cannabidibutol (CBDB)
Cannabidiphorol (CBDP)
∆9– THC type – 11 analogs known
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (∆9 -THCA-C5 A)
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid B (∆9 -THCA-C5 B)
Tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9 -THC-C5) – available as Marinol (Dronabinol)
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-C4 (∆9 -THCA-C4 A and/or B)
Tetrahydrocannabinol-C4 (∆9 -THC-C4)
Tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid A (∆9 -THCVA-C3 A)
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (D9 -THCV-C3)
Tetrahydrocannabiorcolic acid (∆9 -THCOA-C1 A and/or B)
Tetrahydrocannabiorcol (∆9 -THCO-C1)
Tetrahydrocannabutol (Δ9-THCB)
Tetrahydrocannabiphorol (Δ9-THCP)
∆8– THC type – 2 analogs known
(–)-∆8 –trans-(6aR,10aR)-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (∆8 -THCA-C5 A)
(–)-∆8 -trans-(6aR,10aR)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (∆8 -THC-C5)
CBL (Cannabicyclol) type – 3 analogs known
(±)-(1aS,3aR,8bR,8cR)-Cannabicyclolic acid (CBLA-C5 A)
(±)-(1aS,3aR,8bR,8cR)-Cannabicyclol (CBL-C5)
(±)-(1aS,3aR,8bR,8cR)-Cannabicyclovarin (CBLV-C3)
CBE (Cannabielsoin) type – 5 analogs known
(5aS,6S,9R,9aR)-Cannabielsoic acid A (CBEA-C5 A)
(5aS,6S,9R,9aR)-Cannabielsoic acid B (CBEA-C5 B)
(5aS,6S,9R,9aR)-C3-Cannabielsoic acid B (CBEA-C3 B)
(5aS,6S,9R,9aR)-Cannabielsoin (CBE-C5)
(5aS,6S,9R,9aR)-C3-Cannabielsoin (CBE-C3)
CBN (Cannabinol) type – 7 analogs known
Cannabinolic acid A (CBNA-C5 A)
Cannabinol (CBN-C5)
Cannabinol methyl ether (CBNM-C5)
Cannabinol-C4 (CBN-C4)
Cannabivarin (CBN-C3)
Cannabinol-C2 (CBN-C2)
Cannabiorcol-C1 (CBN-C1)
CBND (Cannabinodiol) type – 2 analogs known
Cannabinodiol (CBND-C5)
Cannabinodivarin (CBVD-C3)
CBT (Cannabitriol) type – 9 analogs known
(–)-trans-Cannabitriol [(–)-trans-CBT-C5]
(+)-trans-Cannabitriol [(+)-trans-CBT-C5]
(±)-cis-Cannabitriol [(±)-cis-CBT-C5]
(±)-trans-Cannabitriol-C3 [(±)-trans-CBT-C3]
CBT-C3-homologue (unknown stereochemistry)
(–)-trans-10-Ethoxy-9-hydroxy-∆6a(10a)- tetrahydrocannabinol [(–)-trans-CBT-OEt-C5]
trans-10-Ethoxy-9-hydroxy-∆6a(10a)- tetrahydrocannabivarin-C3 [trans-CBT-OEt-C3]
8,9-Dihydroxy-∆6a(10a)-tetrahydrocannabinol [8,9-Di-OH-CBT-C5]
Cannabidiolic acid tetrahydrocannabitriol ester (CBDA-C5 9-OH-CBT-C5 ester)
Miscellaneous Cannabinoids – 14 analogs
Dehydrocannabifuran (DCBF-C5)
Cannabifuran (CBF-C5)
Cannabichromanone (CBCN-C5)
Cannabichromanone-C3 (CBCN-C3)
Cannabicoumaronone-C5 (CBCON-C5)
Cannabicitran (CBT-C5)
10-Oxo-∆6a(10a)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (OTHC)
(–)-∆9 -(6aS,10aR-cis)-Tetrahydrocannabinol
[(–)-cis–∆9 -THC-C5]
Cannabiglendol-C3 (OH-iso-HHCV-C3)
(–)-(6aR,9S,10S,10aR)-9,10-Dihydroxyhexa-
hydrocannabinol [(–)-Cannabiripsol-C5]
(–)-6a,7,10a-Trihydroxy-∆9 -tetrahydrocannabinol
[(–)-Cannabitetrol]
(±)-∆7 -cis-(1R,3R,6S)-Isotetrahydrocannabivarin-C3
(–)-∆7 -trans-(1R,3R,6R)-Isotetrahydrocannabivarin-C3
(–)-∆7 -trans-(1R,3R, 6R)-Isotetrahydrocannabinol-C5
Non-Cannabinoids
Nitrogenous Compounds –27
Amino Acids – 18
Proteins, enzymes, and glycoproteins – 11
Sugars and related compounds – 34
Hydrocarbons – 50
Simple Alcohols – 7
Simple Aldehydes – 12
Simple Ketones – 13
Simple Acids – 20
Fatty Acids – 23
Simple esters and lactones – 13
Steroids – 11
Terpenes – 120
Non-cannabinoid phenols — 25
Flavonoids – 23
Vitamins – 1
Pigments – 2
Elements – 9
OVER 500 CONSTITUENTS
Mahmoud A. ElSohly a,b , Desmond Slade a
a National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy,
The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
b Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy,
The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
A Novel Phytocannabinoid Isolated from Cannabis Sativa L. with an In
Vivo Cannabimimetic Activity Higher Than Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol:
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabiphorol
CinziaCitti, Pasquale Linciano, Fabiana Russo, Livio Luongo, Monica Iannotta,
Sabatino Maione, Aldo Laganà, Anna LauraCapriotti, Flavio Forni, MariaAngelaVandelli, GiuseppeGigli, GiuseppeCannazza
